Core working principle
The energy conversion of pneumatic actuators is based on the pressure energy of compressed air, and mechanical motion is achieved through the structure of cylinders or pneumatic motors. It is mainly divided into the following two categories:
Linear motion type (straight stroke).
Single acting: Compressed air pushes the piston to move in one direction, and the spring provides a restoring force. Suitable for small valves, with a simple structure but low output force.
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Double acting: The piston is driven to move in both directions by alternating air intake at both ends, without spring reset, resulting in greater output force and faster response. It is suitable for industrial pipeline valves.
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Rotating motion type (angular travel).
Blade type: Compressed air drives the blades to rotate, with a compact structure and high torque, commonly used in ball valves and butterfly valves.
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Piston rack and pinion type: The linear motion of the piston is converted into rotational motion through rack and pinion gears, with adjustable torque, suitable for the petrochemical industry.
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The following is a video about the working principle of pneumatic actuators:
Typical workflow
Taking the double acting piston type as an example:
Compressed air enters from port A, pushing the dual pistons to move towards both ends. The gear rotates counterclockwise 90 degrees to open the valve, and port B exhausts.
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When reverse intake occurs, the piston moves towards the center, the gear rotates clockwise to close the valve, and A port exhausts.
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Technical features
Media advantages: Air is easily accessible, cost-effective, and has overload protection features.
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Application scenarios: Widely used in automation machinery, automotive engines, and industrial valve control.
